Molniya / Tundra orbit

Critical inclination, period, eccentricity and apogee dwell for HEO class orbits.

SIDUS educational calculator. Category orbital. Tags: geo, mission-design, orbital. Pure SI. Not flight software.

Formula

T = T_sid/2 or T_sid

Molniya / Tundra HEO sizing

Primary sources

• Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications (David A. Vallado): Standard reference for two-body, Lambert, maneuvers, and J2. Equations implemented independently in SIDUS.
• Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students (Howard D. Curtis): Textbook derivations for Hohmann, vis-viva, rocket equation, elements.

How do AI agents use this tool?

Read /llms.txt or call https://sidus.tools/api/mcp. Open the interactive page for live SI inputs.